They have been around for over sixty years, and their usage is still increasing. When it comes to beauty products, silicones are everywhere. Shampoos, conditioners, styling products, sunscreens, primers, foundations, lipsticks, mascaras and more all contain them.

So what exactly are silicones? And why have they become so ubiquitous in the beauty world? 

Silicones are made by synthesising the element silicon with oxygen and other elements, such as carbon and hydrogen. Because silicon binds readily with oxygen, it is rarely found in a pure state in nature, and most commonly exists as silicon dioxide or silica. Silica is found in high abundance in quartz (sand). And, sure enough, it is sand that is frequently used to make silicones.

As for their enduring popularity, silicones have a range of properties that make them perfect additions to beauty formulas. They smooth and improve product application, increasing ‘slip’ and spreading; protect against water loss; provide water resistance and durability; help to repair skin or hair damage; add gloss; improve the appearance of lines and wrinkles; create breathable barriers; and can act as delivery systems for other ingredients. 

To utilise these diverse qualities, silicones come in different forms, including fluids, waxes, polyethers and elastomers. One of the most commonly used is cyclomethicone, as its rapid rate of evaporation makes it a useful carrier for active ingredients that are designed to be absorbed by the skin. Cyclomethicone has come under regulatory scrutiny recently, however there are alternatives available in the form of short-chained dimethicones. Dimethicone and dimethicone copolyol work by forming a breathable film over skin which then enables other ingredients to stay on the surface. They are frequently used in BB and CC creams, where they help to maintain even pigment tone.